MAX232

{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "type": "component",
  "slug": "max232",
  "title": "MAX232",
  "brief": "TI dual RS-232 driver/receiver, SOIC-16. Charge-pump generates +/- line levels from single 5 V. Datasheet-verified.",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
  "tags": [
    "component",
    "interface",
    "rs-232",
    "transceiver",
    "soic-16",
    "texas-instruments"
  ],
  "component": {
    "mpn": "MAX232",
    "manufacturer": "Texas Instruments",
    "package": "SOIC-16",
    "pin_count": 16,
    "category": "Interface IC",
    "subcategory": "RS-232 transceiver",
    "datasheet": "https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf",
    "parts": {
      "symbol": "max232.kicad_sym",
      "footprint": "max232.kicad_mod",
      "model_3d": "max232-etched.glb",
      "model_3d_plain": "max232.glb",
      "lbr": "max232.lbr",
      "model_3d_step": "max232-etched.step",
      "model_3d_step_plain": "max232.step"
    },
    "distributor_links": {},
    "pins": [
      {
        "number": "1",
        "name": "C1+",
        "type": "passive",
        "description": "Positive lead of the C1 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Connect to C1- (pin 3) through the external capacitor. Part of the voltage-doubler stage that generates VS+."
      },
      {
        "number": "2",
        "name": "VS+",
        "type": "power_out",
        "description": "Positive charge-pump output for the reservoir storage capacitor only. Nominally +8 to +10 V above GND, sourced through the C1 doubler. Bypass to GND with a 1µF capacitor; do not use as an external supply rail."
      },
      {
        "number": "3",
        "name": "C1-",
        "type": "passive",
        "description": "Negative lead of the C1 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Pairs with C1+ (pin 1) via the external capacitor to form the +5V→+10V doubler."
      },
      {
        "number": "4",
        "name": "C2+",
        "type": "passive",
        "description": "Positive lead of the C2 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Connect to C2- (pin 5) through the external capacitor. Part of the inverter stage that generates VS−."
      },
      {
        "number": "5",
        "name": "C2-",
        "type": "passive",
        "description": "Negative lead of the C2 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Pairs with C2+ (pin 4) via the external capacitor to form the +10V→−10V inverter."
      },
      {
        "number": "6",
        "name": "VS-",
        "type": "power_out",
        "description": "Negative charge-pump output for the reservoir storage capacitor only. Nominally −8 to −10 V below GND, generated by the C2 inverter stage. Bypass to GND with a 1µF capacitor; do not use as an external supply rail."
      },
      {
        "number": "7",
        "name": "T2OUT",
        "type": "output",
        "description": "Driver-2 RS-232 line output to the remote RS-232 system. Swings between VS− and VS+ (typ. ±7V into a 3kΩ load), meeting TIA/EIA-232-F line levels. Short-circuit protected."
      },
      {
        "number": "8",
        "name": "R2IN",
        "type": "input",
        "description": "Receiver-2 RS-232 line input from the remote RS-232 system. Accepts ±30V, typical input resistance 5 kΩ (3–7 kΩ), switching thresholds 1.2V (typ.) with 0.5V hysteresis."
      },
      {
        "number": "9",
        "name": "R2OUT",
        "type": "output",
        "description": "Receiver-2 logic (TTL/CMOS) output to the local UART. VOH ≥ 3.5V at IOH = −1 mA; VOL ≤ 0.4V at IOL = 3.2 mA."
      },
      {
        "number": "10",
        "name": "T2IN",
        "type": "input",
        "description": "Driver-2 logic (TTL/CMOS) data input from the local UART. VIH ≥ 2V, VIL ≤ 0.8V referenced to VCC = 5V."
      },
      {
        "number": "11",
        "name": "T1IN",
        "type": "input",
        "description": "Driver-1 logic (TTL/CMOS) data input from the local UART. VIH ≥ 2V, VIL ≤ 0.8V referenced to VCC = 5V."
      },
      {
        "number": "12",
        "name": "R1OUT",
        "type": "output",
        "description": "Receiver-1 logic (TTL/CMOS) output to the local UART. VOH ≥ 3.5V at IOH = −1 mA; VOL ≤ 0.4V at IOL = 3.2 mA."
      },
      {
        "number": "13",
        "name": "R1IN",
        "type": "input",
        "description": "Receiver-1 RS-232 line input from the remote RS-232 system. Accepts ±30V, typical input resistance 5 kΩ (3–7 kΩ), switching thresholds 1.2V (typ.) with 0.5V hysteresis."
      },
      {
        "number": "14",
        "name": "T1OUT",
        "type": "output",
        "description": "Driver-1 RS-232 line output to the remote RS-232 system. Swings between VS− and VS+ (typ. ±7V into a 3kΩ load), meeting TIA/EIA-232-F line levels. Short-circuit protected."
      },
      {
        "number": "15",
        "name": "GND",
        "type": "power_in",
        "description": "Device ground / 0V reference for all supply rails and signal levels."
      },
      {
        "number": "16",
        "name": "VCC",
        "type": "power_in",
        "description": "Positive supply voltage. Recommended 4.5–5.5V (nom. 5V); absolute max 6V. Typical supply current ICC = 8 mA with all outputs open. Decouple to GND close to the pin."
      }
    ],
    "provenance": {
      "extractor": "ds2sf",
      "datasheet": {
        "url": "https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf",
        "pages": 27,
        "sha256": "47d45fefa0db5981",
        "source_tier": "mfr"
      },
      "cad": "KiCad official (CC-BY-SA 4.0)",
      "pins": {
        "total": 16,
        "described": 16,
        "cites_pages": true,
        "refuses_to_fabricate": true
      }
    },
    "viewers": {
      "symbol": "viewers/symbol.html",
      "footprint": "viewers/footprint.html"
    }
  },
  "metadata": {
    "specs": {
      "Type": "Dual RS-232 driver/receiver",
      "Supply voltage": "5 V (single)",
      "Line levels": "Bipolar ± via charge pump",
      "Channels": "2 drivers + 2 receivers",
      "External caps": "4 (1 µF; 0.1 µF for MAX232A)",
      "Standard": "TIA/EIA-232-F",
      "Package": "SOIC-16",
      "Body (L×W×H)": "9.9 × 3.9 × 1.75 mm"
    }
  },
  "sections": [
    "hero",
    "viewers",
    "readme",
    "breadcrumbs",
    "info"
  ],
  "discovery_triggers": [
    "max232",
    "rs-232 transceiver",
    "serial level converter",
    "ttl to rs232"
  ],
  "discovery_pitch": "MAX232 dual RS-232 driver/receiver (SOIC-16) with datasheet-verified pinout, KiCad symbol/footprint/3D, and full provenance.",
  "author": {
    "name": "Ray",
    "email": "[email protected]"
  },
  "dependencies": {},
  "hero": {
    "type": "image",
    "path": "docs/hero.png"
  },
  "files": [
    "page.json",
    "README.md",
    "max232.kicad_sym",
    "max232.kicad_mod",
    "max232.glb",
    "max232.lbr",
    "docs/hero.png",
    "docs/max232-datasheet.pdf",
    "viewers/symbol.html",
    "viewers/footprint.html",
    "max232-etched.step"
  ],
  "variants": [
    {
      "mpn": "MAX232D (SOIC-16, tube)",
      "kind": "packaging"
    },
    {
      "mpn": "MAX232DR (SOIC-16, tape & reel)",
      "kind": "packaging"
    }
  ]
}