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<title>IN-S42ATB — Component Characterization</title>
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  <span style="color:var(--text-muted);font-size:12px;margin-right:8px">Full page:</span>
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<div class="header">
  <div class="header-top">
    <div class="brand">Adom</div>
    <div class="vsep"></div>
    <div class="crumb">Components &rsaquo; LEDs &rsaquo; 0402</div>
  </div>
  <h1>IN-S42ATB &mdash; <span class="val">Blue</span></h1>
  <div class="subtitle">Inolux Corporation &middot; Top View SMD LED &middot; 0402 (1.0 &times; 0.5mm) &middot; InGaN</div>
  <div class="tags">
    <span class="tag pkg">0402</span>
    <span class="tag mfr">Inolux</span>
    <span class="tag series">IN-S42AT</span>
    <span class="tag rohs">RoHS</span>
    <span class="tag app">Blue LED</span>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="container">

  <!-- Key Specs -->
  <div class="section">
    <div class="spec-cards">
      <div class="spec-card highlight">
        <div class="sc-label">Wavelength</div>
        <div class="sc-value">470nm</div>
        <div class="sc-detail">468nm peak</div>
      </div>
      <div class="spec-card">
        <div class="sc-label">Luminous Intensity</div>
        <div class="sc-value">100mcd</div>
        <div class="sc-detail">@ 20mA</div>
      </div>
      <div class="spec-card">
        <div class="sc-label">Forward Voltage</div>
        <div class="sc-value">3.1V</div>
        <div class="sc-detail">max 4.0V</div>
      </div>
      <div class="spec-card">
        <div class="sc-label">Forward Current</div>
        <div class="sc-value">25mA</div>
        <div class="sc-detail">20mA typical</div>
      </div>
      <div class="spec-card">
        <div class="sc-label">Viewing Angle</div>
        <div class="sc-value">120&deg;</div>
        <div class="sc-detail">2&theta;&frac12;</div>
      </div>
      <div class="spec-card">
        <div class="sc-label">Power Dissipation</div>
        <div class="sc-value">100mW</div>
        <div class="sc-detail">max rated</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="grid-2">
    <!-- Left column -->
    <div>
      <!-- Electrical Characteristics -->
      <div class="section">
        <h2 class="section-title">Electrical Characteristics</h2>
        <div class="card">
          <table class="detail-table">
            <tr><td>Forward Voltage (typ)</td><td>3.1V @ 20mA</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Forward Voltage (max)</td><td>4.0V @ 20mA</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Reverse Voltage (max)</td><td>5V</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Forward Current (max)</td><td>25mA</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Peak Forward Current</td><td>100mA (1/10, 0.1ms)</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Power Dissipation</td><td>100mW</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Dominant Wavelength</td><td>470nm</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Peak Wavelength</td><td>468nm</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Luminous Intensity</td><td>100 mcd @ 20mA</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Viewing Angle (2&theta;&frac12;)</td><td>120&deg;</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Material</td><td>InGaN</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Lens Type</td><td>Clear</td></tr>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!-- Operating Conditions -->
      <div class="section">
        <h2 class="section-title">Operating Conditions</h2>
        <div class="card">
          <table class="detail-table">
            <tr><td>Operating Temp</td><td>&minus;30&deg;C to +80&deg;C</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Storage Temp</td><td>&minus;40&deg;C to +85&deg;C</td></tr>
            <tr><td>ESD Sensitivity</td><td>InGaN &mdash; ESD precautions required</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Polarity</td><td>Cathode marked on package</td></tr>
          </table>
          <div style="margin-top:10px;padding:8px 12px;background:rgba(248,81,73,0.08);border:1px solid rgba(248,81,73,0.2);border-radius:6px;font-size:11px;color:var(--red)">
            &#9888; ESD Sensitive Device &mdash; InGaN LEDs require proper ESD precautions during handling and assembly. Use grounded wrist straps and ESD-safe workstations.
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Right column -->
    <div>
      <!-- Package Drawing -->
      <div class="section">
        <h2 class="section-title">Package &amp; Dimensions</h2>
        <div class="card">
          <div class="pkg-drawing">
            <svg width="100%" height="200" viewBox="0 0 500 200">
              <!-- Top view -->
              <text x="120" y="14" fill="#8b949e" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">Top View</text>
              <rect x="55" y="24" width="130" height="65" rx="2" fill="#1c2128" stroke="#30363d" stroke-width="1.5"/>
              <rect x="55" y="24" width="25" height="65" rx="1" fill="#4169E126" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1"/>
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              <line x1="155" y1="28" x2="155" y2="85" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3,2"/>
              <rect x="92" y="38" width="36" height="37" rx="1" fill="#4169E140" stroke="#4169E180" stroke-width="0.8"/>
              <path d="M110,47 Q125,35 135,47" stroke="#4169E199" stroke-width="0.6" fill="none"/>
              <text x="168" y="18" fill="#4169E1" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">K (cathode)</text>
              <text x="68" y="18" fill="#8b949e" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">A</text>

              <line x1="55" y1="102" x2="185" y2="102" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <line x1="55" y1="98" x2="55" y2="106" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <line x1="185" y1="98" x2="185" y2="106" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <text x="120" y="118" fill="#e6edf3" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">1.0 &plusmn; 0.1</text>

              <line x1="195" y1="24" x2="195" y2="89" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <line x1="191" y1="24" x2="199" y2="24" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <line x1="191" y1="89" x2="199" y2="89" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <text x="215" y="60" fill="#e6edf3" font-size="10">0.5 &plusmn; 0.1</text>

              <!-- Side view -->
              <text x="380" y="14" fill="#8b949e" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">Side View</text>
              <rect x="315" y="40" width="130" height="38" rx="2" fill="#1c2128" stroke="#30363d" stroke-width="1.5"/>
              <path d="M320,40 Q380,30 445,40" stroke="#4169E180" stroke-width="1.5" fill="#4169E114"/>
              <rect x="315" y="40" width="20" height="38" rx="1" fill="#4169E126" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1"/>
              <rect x="425" y="40" width="20" height="38" rx="1" fill="#4169E126" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1"/>
              <line x1="455" y1="30" x2="455" y2="78" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <line x1="451" y1="30" x2="459" y2="30" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <line x1="451" y1="78" x2="459" y2="78" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <text x="465" y="58" fill="#e6edf3" font-size="10">0.45 &plusmn; 0.1</text>

              <text x="120" y="145" fill="#8b949e" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">0402 (1005 metric)</text>
              <text x="380" y="100" fill="#8b949e" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">Clear lens &middot; InGaN</text>

              <rect x="55" y="158" width="390" height="28" rx="4" fill="#4169E10f" stroke="#4169E133" stroke-width="0.5"/>
              <text x="250" y="176" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">&#9888; Polarized &mdash; cathode mark on package indicates negative terminal</text>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <!-- Land Pattern -->
      <div class="section">
        <h2 class="section-title">Recommended Land Pattern</h2>
        <div class="card">
          <table class="detail-table">
            <tr><td>Pad Width</td><td>0.4 &plusmn; 0.1mm</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Pad Height</td><td>0.6 &plusmn; 0.1mm</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Pad Spacing (center-to-center)</td><td>0.6 &plusmn; 0.1mm</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Polarity</td><td>Cathode marked on PCB</td></tr>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Color Swatch -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Emission Color</h2>
    <div class="card color-swatch">
      <div class="swatch-block" style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4169E1, #0066FF); box-shadow: 0 4px 24px #4169E150; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;">
        <span style="font-size:28px;font-weight:700;font-family:'Familjen Grotesk',sans-serif;color:#fff;text-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.5)">Blue</span>
      </div>
      <div class="swatch-label" style="color:#4169E1">470nm Dominant Wavelength</div>
      <div class="swatch-detail">Peak wavelength 468nm &middot; InGaN semiconductor &middot; CSS approximation: #4169E1</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Spectral Distribution -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Spectral Distribution</h2>
    <div class="chart-wrap">
      <h3>Emission Spectrum &mdash; Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength</h3>
      <svg id="spectral-chart" width="100%" height="280" viewBox="0 0 700 280">
        <rect x="60" y="20" width="600" height="200" fill="#0d1117" rx="4"/>
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        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="170" x2="660" y2="170" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="660" y2="120" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="70" x2="660" y2="70" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="660" y2="20" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="180" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="300" y1="20" x2="300" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="420" y1="20" x2="420" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="540" y1="20" x2="540" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>

        <path d="M60,220 L60,216 L63,217 L66,218 L69,218 L72,219 L75,219 L78,219 L660,220 L660,220 Z" fill="url(#INS42ATBGrad)" opacity="0.3"/>
        <defs>
          <linearGradient id="INS42ATBGrad" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1">
            <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#4169E1" stop-opacity="0.6"/>
            <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#4169E1" stop-opacity="0.05"/>
          </linearGradient>
        </defs>
        <path d="M60,220 L60,216 L63,217 L66,218 L69,218 L72,219 L75,219 L78,219 L660,220 L660,220" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>


        <!-- Peak annotation -->
        <circle cx="-30" cy="22" r="4" fill="#4169E1" opacity="0.9"/>
        <line x1="-30" y1="22" x2="-30" y2="220" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.4"/>
        <text x="-30" y="238" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">470nm</text>

        <!-- FWHM indicator -->
        <line x1="-68" y1="120" x2="8" y2="120" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1" stroke-dasharray="4,2" opacity="0.6"/>
        <text x="32" y="116" fill="#8b949e" font-size="9">FWHM ~25nm</text>


        <text x="55" y="224" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0%</text>
        <text x="55" y="174" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">25%</text>
        <text x="55" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">50%</text>
        <text x="55" y="74" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">75%</text>
        <text x="55" y="24" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">100%</text>
        <text x="12" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" transform="rotate(-90,12,124)">Relative Intensity</text>

        <text x="60" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">500</text>
        <text x="180" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">540</text>
        <text x="300" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">580</text>
        <text x="420" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">620</text>
        <text x="540" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">660</text>
        <text x="660" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">700</text>
        <text x="360" y="272" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">Wavelength (nm)</text>
      </svg>
      <div class="chart-note">Blue emission centered at 470nm dominant wavelength (468nm peak). The narrow spectral width (~25nm FWHM) indicates a well-defined color output typical of InGaN LEDs.</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- IV Curve -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage</h2>
    <div class="chart-wrap">
      <h3>IV Characteristic &mdash; the essential curve for circuit design</h3>
      <svg id="iv-chart" width="100%" height="280" viewBox="0 0 700 280">
        <rect x="60" y="20" width="600" height="200" fill="#0d1117" rx="4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="220" x2="660" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="170" x2="660" y2="170" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="660" y2="120" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="70" x2="660" y2="70" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="660" y2="20" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="180" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="300" y1="20" x2="300" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="420" y1="20" x2="420" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="540" y1="20" x2="540" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>


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        <path d="M60,220 L216,220 L294,220 L341,219 L356,218 L372,216 L387,212 L402,200 L417,180 L432,140 L459,120 L486,100 L513,70 L540,20 L540,220 L60,220 Z" fill="url(#INS42ATBGrad)" opacity="0.15"/>

        <!-- Operating point -->
        <circle cx="432" cy="140" r="5" fill="#4169E1" opacity="0.9"/>
        <line x1="432" y1="140" x2="432" y2="220" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.5"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="140" x2="432" y2="140" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.5"/>
        <rect x="437" y="126" width="108" height="28" rx="4" fill="#4169E11e"/>
        <text x="491" y="139" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">Typ: 3.1V, 20mA</text>
        <text x="491" y="149" fill="#8b949e" font-size="8" text-anchor="middle">Operating point</text>

        <!-- Max Vf -->
        <line x1="540" y1="20" x2="540" y2="220" stroke="#f85149" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.5"/>
        <text x="540" y="248" fill="#f85149" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">4.0V max</text>

        <!-- Max If -->
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        <text x="100" y="114" fill="#f85149" font-size="9">25mA max</text>

        <text x="55" y="224" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0</text>
        <text x="55" y="174" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">12.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">25</text>
        <text x="55" y="74" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">37.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="24" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">50</text>
        <text x="12" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" transform="rotate(-90,12,124)">Forward Current (mA)</text>

        <text x="60" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">0.0</text>
        <text x="180" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">1.0</text>
        <text x="300" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">2.0</text>
        <text x="420" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">3.0</text>
        <text x="540" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">4.0</text>
        <text x="660" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">5.0</text>

        <text x="360" y="272" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">Forward Voltage (V)</text>
      </svg>
      <div class="chart-note">Characteristic exponential IV curve for an InGaN blue LED. Near-zero current until threshold (~2.6V), then steep rise. Design point: 3.1V typical at 20mA. Never exceed 4.0V forward or 25mA continuous.</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Current Derating -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Forward Current Derating</h2>
    <div class="chart-wrap">
      <h3>Maximum Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature</h3>
      <svg id="derating-chart" width="100%" height="280" viewBox="0 0 700 280">
        <rect x="60" y="20" width="600" height="200" fill="#0d1117" rx="4"/>
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        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="170" x2="660" y2="170" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="660" y2="120" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="70" x2="660" y2="70" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="180" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="300" y1="20" x2="300" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="420" y1="20" x2="420" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="540" y1="20" x2="540" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>

        <path d="M60,20 L210,20" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
        <path d="M210,20 L540,153" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>
        <path d="M540,153 L705,220" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="4,3"/>
        <path d="M60,20 L210,20 L540,153 L705,220 L60,220 Z" fill="url(#INS42ATBGrad)" opacity="0.12"/>

        <circle cx="210" cy="20" r="4" fill="#4169E1" opacity="0.9"/>
        <text x="210" y="40" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">30mA @ 25&deg;C</text>
        <circle cx="540" cy="153" r="4" fill="#4169E1" opacity="0.9"/>
        <text x="540" y="144" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">10mA @ 80&deg;C</text>

        <rect x="200" y="100" width="110" height="20" rx="4" fill="rgba(63,185,80,0.12)"/>
        <text x="255" y="114" fill="#3fb950" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle">Safe operating</text>

        <text x="55" y="224" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0</text>
        <text x="55" y="174" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">7.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">15</text>
        <text x="55" y="74" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">22.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="24" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">30</text>
        <text x="12" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" transform="rotate(-90,12,124)">Max If (mA)</text>

        <text x="60" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">0</text>
        <text x="210" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">25</text>
        <text x="360" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">50</text>
        <text x="540" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">80</text>
        <text x="660" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">100</text>
        <text x="360" y="272" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">Ambient Temperature (&deg;C)</text>
      </svg>
      <div class="chart-note">InGaN LEDs are more thermally stable than AlInGaP types. At 80&deg;C ambient, derate to 10mA. Still requires thermal management in enclosed or high-temperature applications.</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Luminous Intensity vs Current -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current</h2>
    <div class="chart-wrap">
      <h3>Relative Brightness (normalized at 20mA)</h3>
      <svg id="brightness-current-chart" width="100%" height="280" viewBox="0 0 700 280">
        <rect x="60" y="20" width="600" height="200" fill="#0d1117" rx="4"/>
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        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="1"/>
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        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="660" y2="120" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="70" x2="660" y2="70" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="180" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="300" y1="20" x2="300" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="420" y1="20" x2="420" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="540" y1="20" x2="540" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>

        <path d="M60,220 Q120,168 180,155 Q240,135 300,120 Q360,106 420,95 Q480,78 540,64 Q600,52 660,40"
              stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>

        <path d="M60,220 L660,20" stroke="#484f58" stroke-width="1" stroke-dasharray="5,4" opacity="0.4"/>
        <text x="600" y="50" fill="#484f58" font-size="9">Linear</text>

        <circle cx="300" cy="120" r="5" fill="#4169E1" opacity="0.9"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="300" y2="120" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.4"/>
        <line x1="300" y1="120" x2="300" y2="220" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.4"/>
        <text x="310" y="114" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10">1.0 @ 20mA</text>

        <text x="55" y="224" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0</text>
        <text x="55" y="174" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">1.0</text>
        <text x="55" y="74" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">1.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="24" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">2.0</text>
        <text x="12" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" transform="rotate(-90,12,124)">Relative Brightness</text>

        <text x="60" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">0</text>
        <text x="180" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">10</text>
        <text x="300" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">20</text>
        <text x="420" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">30</text>
        <text x="540" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">40</text>
        <text x="660" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">50</text>
        <text x="360" y="272" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">Forward Current (mA)</text>
      </svg>
      <div class="chart-note">Brightness increases sublinearly with current. Doubling the current from 20mA to 40mA yields only ~55% more light, not 100%. This means diminishing returns at higher drive currents &mdash; optimize for efficiency at or below 20mA.</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Brightness vs Temperature -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Luminous Intensity vs. Temperature</h2>
    <div class="chart-wrap">
      <h3>Relative Brightness vs. Ambient Temperature (normalized at 25&deg;C)</h3>
      <svg id="brightness-temp-chart" width="100%" height="280" viewBox="0 0 700 280">
        <rect x="60" y="20" width="600" height="200" fill="#0d1117" rx="4"/>
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        <line x1="60" y1="20" x2="60" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="1"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="170" x2="660" y2="170" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="660" y2="120" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="70" x2="660" y2="70" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="180" y1="20" x2="180" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="300" y1="20" x2="300" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="420" y1="20" x2="420" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>
        <line x1="540" y1="20" x2="540" y2="220" stroke="#21262d" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="4,4"/>

        <path d="M60,95 L120,100 L180,104 L240,109 L300,113 L390,120 L450,123 L510,127 L570,130 L630,133 L660,135" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"/>

        <circle cx="390" cy="120" r="5" fill="#4169E1" opacity="0.9"/>
        <line x1="60" y1="120" x2="390" y2="120" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.4"/>
        <line x1="390" y1="120" x2="390" y2="220" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="0.5" stroke-dasharray="3,3" opacity="0.4"/>
        <text x="400" y="114" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10">1.0 @ 25&deg;C</text>

        <text x="100" y="62" fill="#58a6ff" font-size="9">Brighter when cold</text>
        <text x="570" y="165" fill="#f85149" font-size="9">Dimmer when hot</text>

        <text x="55" y="224" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0</text>
        <text x="55" y="174" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">0.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">1.0</text>
        <text x="55" y="74" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">1.5</text>
        <text x="55" y="24" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="end">2.0</text>
        <text x="12" y="124" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" transform="rotate(-90,12,124)">Relative Brightness</text>

        <text x="60" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">-30</text>
        <text x="180" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">-10</text>
        <text x="300" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">10</text>
        <text x="390" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">25</text>
        <text x="540" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">50</text>
        <text x="660" y="255" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">70</text>
        <text x="360" y="272" fill="#484f58" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle">Ambient Temperature (&deg;C)</text>
      </svg>
      <div class="chart-note">InGaN LEDs are more thermally stable than AlInGaP types. At 70&deg;C, expect only ~15% reduction in luminous intensity, compared to ~30% for AlInGaP (red/amber). Still brighter when cold (125% at -30&deg;C).</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Resistor Calculator -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">LED Resistor Calculator</h2>
    <div class="calc-card">
      <h3>&#9889; Series Resistor Selection</h3>
      <div class="calc-inputs">
        <div class="calc-field">
          <label>Supply Voltage</label>
          <input type="number" id="calc-vsupply" value="3.3" step="0.1" min="0">
          <div class="unit">Volts</div>
        </div>
        <div class="calc-field">
          <label>Desired Current</label>
          <input type="number" id="calc-iled" value="20" step="1" min="0">
          <div class="unit">Milliamps</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="calc-results">
        <div class="calc-result">
          <div class="cr-label">Calculated Resistor</div>
          <div class="cr-value" id="calc-r-exact">10.00 &Omega;</div>
          <div class="cr-detail" id="calc-r-formula">R = (3.3V - 3.1V) / 20mA</div>
        </div>
        <div class="calc-result">
          <div class="cr-label">Nearest E24 Value</div>
          <div class="cr-value" id="calc-r-e24">9.10 &Omega;</div>
          <div class="cr-detail" id="calc-r-actual">Actual If = 22.0mA</div>
        </div>
        <div class="calc-result">
          <div class="cr-label">Resistor Power</div>
          <div class="cr-value" id="calc-p-resistor">4.4 mW</div>
          <div class="cr-detail" id="calc-p-r-detail">P = (V<sub>supply</sub> - V<sub>f</sub>) &times; I<sub>f</sub></div>
        </div>
        <div class="calc-result">
          <div class="cr-label">LED Power</div>
          <div class="cr-value" id="calc-p-led">68.1 mW</div>
          <div class="cr-detail" id="calc-p-led-detail">P = V<sub>f</sub> &times; I<sub>f</sub> (max 100mW)</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="calc-schematic">
        <svg width="400" height="80" viewBox="0 0 400 80" style="max-width:100%">
          <text x="20" y="38" fill="#e6edf3" font-size="11" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" id="calc-svg-vsupply">3.3V</text>
          <line x1="50" y1="35" x2="90" y2="35" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <path d="M90,35 L100,25 L110,45 L120,25 L130,45 L140,25 L150,45 L160,35" stroke="#00b8b0" stroke-width="2" fill="none"/>
          <text x="125" y="60" fill="#00b8b0" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" id="calc-svg-r">9.10Ω</text>
          <line x1="160" y1="35" x2="210" y2="35" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <polygon points="210,22 210,48 240,35" fill="none" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2"/>
          <line x1="240" y1="22" x2="240" y2="48" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="2"/>
          <line x1="230" y1="18" x2="238" y2="10" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1"/>
          <line x1="235" y1="22" x2="243" y2="14" stroke="#4169E1" stroke-width="1"/>
          <polygon points="238,10 234,13 237,14" fill="#4169E1"/>
          <polygon points="243,14 239,17 242,18" fill="#4169E1"/>
          <text x="225" y="65" fill="#4169E1" font-size="10" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace">LED</text>
          <line x1="240" y1="35" x2="300" y2="35" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="300" y1="28" x2="300" y2="42" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="290" y1="42" x2="310" y2="42" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="1.5"/>
          <line x1="294" y1="47" x2="306" y2="47" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="1.2"/>
          <line x1="297" y1="52" x2="303" y2="52" stroke="#e6edf3" stroke-width="0.8"/>
          <text x="320" y="42" fill="#8b949e" font-size="10" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace">GND</text>
          <text x="180" y="26" fill="#8b949e" font-size="9" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" id="calc-svg-if">20mA</text>
          <line x1="168" y1="30" x2="192" y2="30" stroke="#8b949e" stroke-width="0.5"/>
          <polygon points="192,30 187,27 187,33" fill="#8b949e"/>
        </svg>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Environmental -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Environmental &amp; Handling</h2>
    <div class="env-grid">
      <div class="env-card">
        <div class="env-name">ESD Sensitivity</div>
        <div class="env-spec">InGaN &mdash; ESD precautions required</div>
        <div class="env-detail">Use grounded wrist straps &amp; ESD-safe tools</div>
      </div>
      <div class="env-card">
        <div class="env-name">Operating Temperature</div>
        <div class="env-spec">Continuous operation range</div>
        <div class="env-detail">&minus;30&deg;C to +80&deg;C</div>
      </div>
      <div class="env-card">
        <div class="env-name">Storage Temperature</div>
        <div class="env-spec">Unbiased storage</div>
        <div class="env-detail">&minus;40&deg;C to +85&deg;C</div>
      </div>
      <div class="env-card">
        <div class="env-name">Moisture Sensitivity</div>
        <div class="env-spec">MSL noted in packaging</div>
        <div class="env-detail">Follow J-STD-020 bake requirements</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Symbol, Footprint & 3D -->  <!-- Symbol, Footprint & 3D View -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Symbol, Footprint &amp; 3D Model</h2>
    <div class="grid-2" style="margin-bottom:12px">
      <!-- Interactive SymView -->
      <div class="card" style="padding:0;overflow:hidden">
        <div style="font-size:12px;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;color:var(--text-dim);padding:12px 16px 0">Schematic Symbol</div>
        <iframe src="IN-S42ATB-symview.html" style="width:100%;height:340px;border:none;display:block" allow="fullscreen"></iframe>
      </div>
      <!-- Interactive FpView -->
      <div class="card" style="padding:0;overflow:hidden">
        <div style="font-size:12px;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;color:var(--text-dim);padding:12px 16px 0">Footprint (0402)</div>
        <iframe src="IN-S42ATB-fpview.html" style="width:100%;height:340px;border:none;display:block" allow="fullscreen"></iframe>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 3D Model -->
    <div class="card" style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12px">
      <div style="font-size:12px;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;color:var(--text-dim);margin-bottom:12px">3D Model (interactive)</div>
      <canvas id="viewer3d" width="600" height="300" style="width:100%;height:300px;border-radius:4px;cursor:grab"></canvas>
      <div style="font-size:10px;color:var(--text-dim);margin-top:6px">Click &amp; drag to rotate &middot; Scroll to zoom</div>
    </div>
    <!-- Download / Export Bar -->
    <div class="card" style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap">
      <span style="font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:var(--text-muted);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px">Export:</span>
      <a class="dl-btn" href="https://wiki-ufypy5dpx93o.adom.cloud/static/libraries/in-s42atb/IN-S42ATB.kicad_sym" download>KiCad Symbol (.kicad_sym)</a>
      <a class="dl-btn" href="https://wiki-ufypy5dpx93o.adom.cloud/static/libraries/in-s42atb/IN-S42ATB.kicad_mod" download>KiCad Footprint (.kicad_mod)</a>
      <a class="dl-btn" href="https://wiki-ufypy5dpx93o.adom.cloud/static/libraries/in-s42atb/IN-S42ATB.lbr" download>Fusion 360 (.lbr)</a>
      <a class="dl-btn" href="https://wiki-ufypy5dpx93o.adom.cloud/static/libraries/in-s42atb/IN-S42ATB.step" download>3D Model (.step)</a>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Pricing -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Pricing &amp; Availability</h2>
    <div class="vendor-cards">
      <div class="vendor-card recommended">
        <div class="vc-name mouser">Mouser Electronics</div>
        <div class="vc-price">&mdash;</div>
        <div class="vc-detail">Check availability</div>
        <a class="vc-link" href="https://www.mouser.com/Search/Refine?Keyword=IN-S42ATB" target="_blank">Search on Mouser &rarr;</a>
      </div>
      <div class="vendor-card">
        <div class="vc-name digikey">DigiKey</div>
        <div class="vc-price">&mdash;</div>
        <div class="vc-detail">Check availability</div>
        <a class="vc-link" href="https://www.digikey.com/en/products/result?keywords=IN-S42ATB" target="_blank">Search on DigiKey &rarr;</a>
      </div>
      <div class="vendor-card">
        <div class="vc-name jlcpcb">JLCPCB / LCSC</div>
        <div class="vc-price">&mdash;</div>
        <div class="vc-detail">Check availability</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Documents -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Documents</h2>
    <div class="card">
      <table class="detail-table">
        <tr><td>Datasheet</td><td><a href="http://www.inolux-corp.com/datasheet/SMDLED/Mono%20Color%20Top%20View/IN-S42AT%20Series_V1.1.pdf" target="_blank">IN-S42AT Series V1.1 (PDF) &rarr;</a></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Series</td><td>IN-S42AT</td></tr>
        <tr><td>Manufacturer</td><td>Inolux Corporation</td></tr>
      </table>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- Molecule -->
  <div class="section">
    <h2 class="section-title">Molecule &mdash; Single-Passive Board</h2>
    <div class="card" style="padding:0;overflow:hidden;border-radius:8px">
      <div style="font-size:12px;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.5px;color:var(--text-dim);padding:12px 16px 0">Interactive 3D Board Viewer</div>
      <iframe src="https://wiki-ufypy5dpx93o.adom.cloud/static/libraries/in-s42atb/tsci-viewer/molecule-viewer/index.html"
              style="width:100%;height:500px;border:none;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;display:block"
              allow="fullscreen"></iframe>
    </div>
    <div style="font-size:11px;color:var(--text-dim);margin-top:8px;text-align:center">
      Orbit: click &amp; drag &middot; Zoom: scroll &middot; Inspect: click a component &middot; X-ray: toggle in toolbar
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="source">
    IN-S42ATB characterization &middot; Data from Inolux IN-S42AT Series V1.1 datasheet + adom-parts-search &middot; 2026-06-03
  </div>

</div>

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    var pcb = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(10*S, 0.08*S, 8*S), pcbMat);
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            sy: pts[i].sy + t * (pts[i+1].sy - pts[i].sy),
            vx: pts[i].vx + t * (pts[i+1].vx - pts[i].vx),
            vy: pts[i].vy + t * (pts[i+1].vy - pts[i].vy),
          };
        }
      }
      return pts[0];
    }

    svg.addEventListener('mousemove', function(e) {
      var pt = svg.createSVGPoint();
      pt.x = e.clientX;
      pt.y = e.clientY;
      var svgPt = pt.matrixTransform(svg.getScreenCTM().inverse());

      var minX = dataPoints[0].sx;
      var maxX = dataPoints[dataPoints.length-1].sx;
      if (svgPt.x < minX - 10 || svgPt.x > maxX + 10) {
        dot.style.display = 'none';
        tipGroup.style.display = 'none';
        vLine.style.display = 'none';
        return;
      }

      var p = lerp(dataPoints, svgPt.x);

      dot.setAttribute('cx', p.sx);
      dot.setAttribute('cy', p.sy);
      dot.style.display = '';

      vLine.setAttribute('x1', p.sx);
      vLine.setAttribute('y1', p.sy);
      vLine.setAttribute('x2', p.sx);
      vLine.setAttribute('y2', 220);
      vLine.style.display = '';

      var xLabel = formatX(p.vx);
      var yLabel = formatY(p.vy);
      tipLine1.textContent = xLabel;
      tipLine2.textContent = yLabel;

      var tipX = p.sx + 12;
      var tipY = p.sy - 28;
      var boxW = Math.max(xLabel.length, yLabel.length) * 7 + 16;
      var boxH = 32;

      var adjustedX = tipX + boxW > 660 ? p.sx - boxW - 12 : tipX;
      var adjustedY = tipY < 10 ? p.sy + 12 : tipY;

      tipBg.setAttribute('x', adjustedX);
      tipBg.setAttribute('y', adjustedY);
      tipBg.setAttribute('width', boxW);
      tipBg.setAttribute('height', boxH);

      tipLine1.setAttribute('x', adjustedX + 8);
      tipLine1.setAttribute('y', adjustedY + 13);
      tipLine2.setAttribute('x', adjustedX + 8);
      tipLine2.setAttribute('y', adjustedY + 26);

      tipGroup.style.display = '';
    });

    svg.addEventListener('mouseleave', function() {
      dot.style.display = 'none';
      tipGroup.style.display = 'none';
      vLine.style.display = 'none';
    });
  }

  // ==================== Spectral Chart ====================
  var spectralData = [
    {sx:60, sy:216, vx:500, vy:1.8},
    {sx:63, sy:217, vx:501, vy:1.4},
    {sx:66, sy:218, vx:502, vy:1.1},
    {sx:69, sy:218, vx:503, vy:0.8},
    {sx:72, sy:219, vx:504, vy:0.6},
    {sx:75, sy:219, vx:505, vy:0.4},
    {sx:78, sy:219, vx:506, vy:0.3},
    {sx:660, sy:220, vx:700, vy:0.0},
  ];

  setupChartTooltip('spectral-chart', spectralData, '#4169E1',
    function(x) { return x.toFixed(0) + ' nm'; },
    function(y) { return 'Intensity: ' + y.toFixed(1) + '%'; }
  );

  // ==================== IV Chart ====================
  var ivData = [
    {sx:60, sy:220, vx:0.00, vy:0.0},
    {sx:216, sy:220, vx:1.30, vy:0.0},
    {sx:294, sy:220, vx:1.95, vy:0.1},
    {sx:341, sy:219, vx:2.34, vy:0.3},
    {sx:356, sy:218, vx:2.47, vy:0.5},
    {sx:372, sy:216, vx:2.60, vy:1.0},
    {sx:387, sy:212, vx:2.73, vy:2.0},
    {sx:402, sy:200, vx:2.85, vy:5.0},
    {sx:417, sy:180, vx:2.98, vy:10.0},
    {sx:432, sy:140, vx:3.10, vy:20.0},
    {sx:459, sy:120, vx:3.33, vy:25.0},
    {sx:486, sy:100, vx:3.55, vy:30.0},
    {sx:513, sy:70, vx:3.77, vy:37.5},
    {sx:540, sy:20, vx:4.00, vy:50.0},
  ];

  setupChartTooltip('iv-chart', ivData, '#4169E1',
    function(x) { return 'Vf = ' + x.toFixed(2) + ' V'; },
    function(y) { return 'If = ' + y.toFixed(1) + ' mA'; }
  );

  // ==================== Derating Chart ====================
  var deratingData = [
    {sx:60, sy:20, vx:0, vy:30.0},
    {sx:210, sy:20, vx:25, vy:30.0},
    {sx:240, sy:32, vx:30, vy:28.2},
    {sx:270, sy:44, vx:35, vy:26.4},
    {sx:300, sy:56, vx:40, vy:24.5},
    {sx:330, sy:68, vx:45, vy:22.7},
    {sx:360, sy:81, vx:50, vy:20.9},
    {sx:390, sy:93, vx:55, vy:19.1},
    {sx:420, sy:105, vx:60, vy:17.3},
    {sx:450, sy:117, vx:65, vy:15.5},
    {sx:480, sy:129, vx:70, vy:13.6},
    {sx:510, sy:141, vx:75, vy:11.8},
    {sx:540, sy:153, vx:80, vy:10.0},
    {sx:705, sy:220, vx:108, vy:0.0},
  ];

  setupChartTooltip('derating-chart', deratingData, '#4169E1',
    function(x) { return x.toFixed(0) + '\u00b0C'; },
    function(y) { return 'Max If = ' + y.toFixed(1) + ' mA'; }
  );

  // ==================== Brightness vs Current ====================
  var brightCurrentData = [
    {sx:60,  sy:220, vx:0,  vy:0},
    {sx:120, sy:168, vx:5,  vy:0.52},
    {sx:180, sy:148, vx:10, vy:0.72},
    {sx:240, sy:135, vx:15, vy:0.85},
    {sx:300, sy:120, vx:20, vy:1.0},
    {sx:360, sy:108, vx:25, vy:1.12},
    {sx:420, sy:95,  vx:30, vy:1.25},
    {sx:540, sy:69,  vx:40, vy:1.51},
    {sx:660, sy:40,  vx:50, vy:1.80},
  ];

  setupChartTooltip('brightness-current-chart', brightCurrentData, '#4169E1',
    function(x) { return 'If = ' + x.toFixed(0) + ' mA'; },
    function(y) { return 'Brightness: ' + y.toFixed(2) + 'x'; }
  );

  // ==================== Brightness vs Temperature ====================
  var brightTempData = [
    {sx:60, sy:95, vx:-30, vy:1.25},
    {sx:120, sy:100, vx:-20, vy:1.20},
    {sx:180, sy:104, vx:-10, vy:1.16},
    {sx:240, sy:109, vx:0, vy:1.11},
    {sx:300, sy:113, vx:10, vy:1.07},
    {sx:390, sy:120, vx:25, vy:1.00},
    {sx:450, sy:123, vx:35, vy:0.97},
    {sx:510, sy:127, vx:45, vy:0.93},
    {sx:570, sy:130, vx:55, vy:0.90},
    {sx:630, sy:133, vx:65, vy:0.87},
    {sx:660, sy:135, vx:70, vy:0.85},
  ];

  setupChartTooltip('brightness-temp-chart', brightTempData, '#4169E1',
    function(x) { return x.toFixed(0) + '\u00b0C'; },
    function(y) { return 'Brightness: ' + y.toFixed(2) + 'x'; }
  );

  // ==================== Resistor Calculator ====================
  var VF_TYP = 3.1;

  var E24 = [10,11,12,13,15,16,18,20,22,24,27,30,33,36,39,43,47,51,56,62,68,75,82,91];

  function nearestE24(val) {
    if (val <= 0) return 0;
    var decade = 1;
    while (val >= 100) { val /= 10; decade *= 10; }
    while (val < 10) { val *= 10; decade /= 10; }
    var best = E24[0], bestDist = Math.abs(val - E24[0]);
    for (var i = 1; i < E24.length; i++) {
      var d = Math.abs(val - E24[i]);
      if (d < bestDist) { bestDist = d; best = E24[i]; }
    }
    return best * decade;
  }

  function formatResistance(r) {
    if (r >= 1e6) return (r/1e6).toFixed(1) + ' M\u03a9';
    if (r >= 1e3) return (r/1e3).toFixed(0) + ' k\u03a9';
    if (r >= 100) return r.toFixed(0) + ' \u03a9';
    if (r >= 10) return r.toFixed(1) + ' \u03a9';
    return r.toFixed(2) + ' \u03a9';
  }

  function updateCalculator() {
    var vSupply = parseFloat(document.getElementById('calc-vsupply').value) || 0;
    var iLed = parseFloat(document.getElementById('calc-iled').value) || 0;
    var iLedA = iLed / 1000;

    var vDrop = vSupply - VF_TYP;
    var rExact = vDrop > 0 && iLedA > 0 ? vDrop / iLedA : 0;
    var rE24 = nearestE24(rExact);
    var iActual = rE24 > 0 ? vDrop / rE24 : 0;
    var pResistor = vDrop * iActual;
    var pLed = VF_TYP * iActual;

    document.getElementById('calc-r-exact').innerHTML = rExact > 0 ? formatResistance(rExact) : '&mdash;';
    document.getElementById('calc-r-formula').textContent = 'R = (' + vSupply.toFixed(1) + 'V - ' + VF_TYP + 'V) / ' + iLed.toFixed(0) + 'mA';
    document.getElementById('calc-r-e24').innerHTML = rE24 > 0 ? formatResistance(rE24) : '&mdash;';
    document.getElementById('calc-r-actual').textContent = iActual > 0 ? 'Actual If = ' + (iActual * 1000).toFixed(1) + 'mA' : '';
    document.getElementById('calc-p-resistor').textContent = pResistor > 0 ? (pResistor * 1000).toFixed(1) + ' mW' : '\u2014';
    document.getElementById('calc-p-led').textContent = pLed > 0 ? (pLed * 1000).toFixed(1) + ' mW' : '\u2014';

    var svgVs = document.getElementById('calc-svg-vsupply');
    if (svgVs) svgVs.textContent = vSupply.toFixed(1) + 'V';
    var svgR = document.getElementById('calc-svg-r');
    if (svgR) svgR.textContent = rE24 > 0 ? formatResistance(rE24) : '\u2014';
    var svgIf = document.getElementById('calc-svg-if');
    if (svgIf) svgIf.textContent = iActual > 0 ? (iActual * 1000).toFixed(1) + 'mA' : '';

    var pLedEl = document.getElementById('calc-p-led');
    if (pLed * 1000 > 100) {
      pLedEl.style.color = '#f85149';
    } else {
      pLedEl.style.color = '';
    }

    var rExactEl = document.getElementById('calc-r-exact');
    if (vDrop <= 0) {
      rExactEl.innerHTML = '<span style="color:#f85149">V<sub>supply</sub> too low</span>';
    }
  }

  document.getElementById('calc-vsupply').addEventListener('input', updateCalculator);
  document.getElementById('calc-iled').addEventListener('input', updateCalculator);

  updateCalculator();
})();
</script>
</div>
</body>
</html>