TIP122 NPN Darlington Transistor

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  "title": "TIP122 NPN Darlington Transistor",
  "brief": "NPN Darlington power transistor, 100 V / 5 A, high current gain in TO-220.",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
  "tags": [
    "transistor",
    "darlington",
    "npn",
    "power",
    "to-220",
    "st"
  ],
  "component": {
    "mpn": "TIP122",
    "manufacturer": "STMicroelectronics",
    "package": "TO-220",
    "pin_count": 3,
    "category": "Discrete Semiconductor",
    "subcategory": "Bipolar Transistor (BJT)",
    "datasheet": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/tip120.pdf",
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    "pins": [
      {
        "number": "1",
        "name": "B",
        "type": "input",
        "description": "Base of the Darlington pair. Drive with IB up to 120 mA (absolute max); VBE(on) ≈ 2.5 V at IC = 3 A. Internal 7 kΩ resistor R1 sits between B and E, and R2 = 70 Ω is in series with the output-transistor base."
      },
      {
        "number": "2",
        "name": "C",
        "type": "passive",
        "description": "Collector of the Darlington pair; also electrically connected to the TAB (heatsink mounting tab) for thermal dissipation. Rated VCEO = 100 V, IC = 5 A DC / 8 A peak."
      },
      {
        "number": "3",
        "name": "E",
        "type": "passive",
        "description": "Emitter of the Darlington pair. Typically returned to the load's low-side rail (ground) in switching applications."
      }
    ],
    "provenance": {
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        "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/tip120.pdf",
        "pages": 13,
        "sha256": "e726b0e3ab76c110",
        "source_tier": "mfr"
      },
      "cad": "KiCad official (CC-BY-SA 4.0)",
      "pins": {
        "total": 3,
        "described": 3,
        "cites_pages": true,
        "refuses_to_fabricate": true
      }
    },
    "viewers": {
      "symbol": "viewers/symbol.html",
      "footprint": "viewers/footprint.html"
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        "origin": "footprint origin = pad-pattern centre",
        "seat": "body on z = 0, through-hole leads below",
        "extents_mm": [
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        "zmin_mm": -9.75,
        "centre_offset_mm": 0.932,
        "footprint_binding": "identity",
        "sha256": "7cb065d935df5771f0ba6e48ddd180863a121af76483dad7f18e667a7b68204a",
        "checked": "2026-10-07",
        "checked_by": "factory/step_pose.py (Z-up, origin, seat, binding)"
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  },
  "metadata": {
    "specs": {
      "Type": "NPN Darlington power transistor",
      "Collector-emitter voltage (VCEO)": "100 V",
      "Collector current (IC)": "5 A continuous (8 A peak)",
      "DC current gain (hFE)": "1000 min at 3 A",
      "Power dissipation": "65 W",
      "Operating temperature": "-65 C to 150 C"
    },
    "characteristics": {
      "version": 1,
      "source": "datasheet",
      "datasheet_sha256": "e726b0e3ab76c110",
      "rows": [
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          "name": "Collector-emitter voltage (IB = 0 A)",
          "symbol": "VCEO",
          "kind": "absolute_maximum",
          "unit": "V",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 100,
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        {
          "name": "Collector-base voltage (IE = 0 A)",
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        {
          "name": "Collector-base voltage (IC = 0 A)",
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          "typ": null,
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          "name": "Collector current",
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        },
        {
          "name": "Collector peak current",
          "symbol": "ICM",
          "kind": "absolute_maximum",
          "unit": "A",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 8,
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          "name": "Base current",
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        },
        {
          "name": "Total power dissipation",
          "symbol": "PTOT",
          "kind": "absolute_maximum",
          "unit": "W",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 65,
          "conditions": "TC ≤ 25°C",
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        {
          "name": "Total power dissipation",
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          "kind": "absolute_maximum",
          "unit": "W",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 2,
          "conditions": "TA ≤ 25°C",
          "source_page": 2,
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        },
        {
          "name": "Storage temperature range",
          "symbol": "Tstg",
          "kind": "absolute_maximum",
          "unit": "°C",
          "min": -65,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 150,
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        },
        {
          "name": "Maximum operating junction temperature",
          "symbol": "TJ",
          "kind": "absolute_maximum",
          "unit": "°C",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 150,
          "conditions": "",
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        },
        {
          "name": "Thermal resistance, junction-to-case",
          "symbol": "RthJC",
          "kind": "thermal",
          "unit": "°C/W",
          "min": null,
          "typ": 1.92,
          "max": null,
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        },
        {
          "name": "Thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient",
          "symbol": "RthJA",
          "kind": "thermal",
          "unit": "°C/W",
          "min": null,
          "typ": 62.5,
          "max": null,
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        },
        {
          "name": "Collector cut-off current",
          "symbol": "ICEO",
          "kind": "electrical",
          "unit": "mA",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 0.5,
          "conditions": "IB = 0 A, VCE = 50 V for TIP122/127",
          "source_page": 3,
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        },
        {
          "name": "Collector cut-off current",
          "symbol": "ICBO",
          "kind": "electrical",
          "unit": "mA",
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          "typ": null,
          "max": 0.2,
          "conditions": "IB = 0 A, VCE = 100 V for TIP122/127",
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        },
        {
          "name": "Emitter cut-off current",
          "symbol": "IEBO",
          "kind": "electrical",
          "unit": "mA",
          "min": null,
          "typ": null,
          "max": 2,
          "conditions": "IC = 0 A, VEB = 5 V",
          "source_page": 3,
          "source": "datasheet"
        },
        {
          "name": "Collector-emitter sustaining voltage",
          "symbol": "VCEO(sus)",
          "kind": "electrical",
          "unit": "V",
          "min": 100,
          "typ": null,
          "max": null,
          "conditions": "IB = 0 A, IC = 30 mA for TIP122/127",
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        },
        {
          "name": "Collector-emitter saturation voltage",
          "symbol": "VCE(sat)",
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          "conditions": "IC = 3 A, IB = 12 mA",
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        {
          "name": "Collector-emitter saturation voltage",
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          "max": 4,
          "conditions": "IC = 5 A, IB = 20 mA",
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        },
        {
          "name": "Base-emitter on voltage",
          "symbol": "VBE(on)",
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          "conditions": "IC = 3 A, VCE = 3 V",
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        {
          "name": "DC current gain",
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          "min": 1000,
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  "discovery_triggers": [
    "Darlington transistor",
    "NPN power switch",
    "drive a motor or solenoid",
    "high-current switch"
  ],
  "discovery_pitch": "An NPN Darlington that switches up to 5 A at 100 V from a logic-level base, for motors, relays, and solenoids.",
  "author": {
    "name": "Ray",
    "email": "[email protected]"
  },
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