component
MAX232
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TI dual RS-232 driver/receiver, SOIC-16. Charge-pump generates +/- line levels from single 5 V. Datasheet-verified.
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README.md+57−2@@ -1,5 +1,60 @@ # MAX232 -Dual RS-232 driver/receiver, DIP-16+**Texas Instruments** · RS-232 transceiver · SOIC-16 -The MAX232 converts TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS-232 serial voltage levels and vice versa using charge pump capacitors. Essential for interfacing microcontrollers with RS-232 serial ports.+Dual EIA/TIA-232 (RS-232) driver/receiver with an on-chip capacitive charge-pump voltage generator, in a SOIC-16 package. It produces the bipolar +/- line levels RS-232 needs from a single 5 V supply, so a UART's TTL TX/RX can talk to a legacy serial port. Two drivers and two receivers, with four external charge-pump capacitors. The classic TTL-to-RS-232 level shifter.++## Pinout++| Pin | Name | Type | Function |+|---|---|---|---|+| 1 | C1+ | passive | Positive lead of the C1 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Connect to C1- (pin 3) through the external capacitor. Part of the voltage-doubler stage that generates VS+. |+| 2 | VS+ | power_out | Positive charge-pump output for the reservoir storage capacitor only. Nominally +8 to +10 V above GND, sourced through the C1 doubler. Bypass to GND with a 1µF capacitor; do not use as an external supply rail. |+| 3 | C1- | passive | Negative lead of the C1 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Pairs with C1+ (pin 1) via the external capacitor to form the +5V→+10V doubler. |+| 4 | C2+ | passive | Positive lead of the C2 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Connect to C2- (pin 5) through the external capacitor. Part of the inverter stage that generates VS−. |+| 5 | C2- | passive | Negative lead of the C2 charge-pump flying capacitor (typ. 1µF). Pairs with C2+ (pin 4) via the external capacitor to form the +10V→−10V inverter. |+| 6 | VS- | power_out | Negative charge-pump output for the reservoir storage capacitor only. Nominally −8 to −10 V below GND, generated by the C2 inverter stage. Bypass to GND with a 1µF capacitor; do not use as an external supply rail. |+| 7 | T2OUT | output | Driver-2 RS-232 line output to the remote RS-232 system. Swings between VS− and VS+ (typ. ±7V into a 3kΩ load), meeting TIA/EIA-232-F line levels. Short-circuit protected. |+| 8 | R2IN | input | Receiver-2 RS-232 line input from the remote RS-232 system. Accepts ±30V, typical input resistance 5 kΩ (3–7 kΩ), switching thresholds 1.2V (typ.) with 0.5V hysteresis. |+| 9 | R2OUT | output | Receiver-2 logic (TTL/CMOS) output to the local UART. VOH ≥ 3.5V at IOH = −1 mA; VOL ≤ 0.4V at IOL = 3.2 mA. |+| 10 | T2IN | input | Driver-2 logic (TTL/CMOS) data input from the local UART. VIH ≥ 2V, VIL ≤ 0.8V referenced to VCC = 5V. |+| 11 | T1IN | input | Driver-1 logic (TTL/CMOS) data input from the local UART. VIH ≥ 2V, VIL ≤ 0.8V referenced to VCC = 5V. |+| 12 | R1OUT | output | Receiver-1 logic (TTL/CMOS) output to the local UART. VOH ≥ 3.5V at IOH = −1 mA; VOL ≤ 0.4V at IOL = 3.2 mA. |+| 13 | R1IN | input | Receiver-1 RS-232 line input from the remote RS-232 system. Accepts ±30V, typical input resistance 5 kΩ (3–7 kΩ), switching thresholds 1.2V (typ.) with 0.5V hysteresis. |+| 14 | T1OUT | output | Driver-1 RS-232 line output to the remote RS-232 system. Swings between VS− and VS+ (typ. ±7V into a 3kΩ load), meeting TIA/EIA-232-F line levels. Short-circuit protected. |+| 15 | GND | power_in | Device ground / 0V reference for all supply rails and signal levels. |+| 16 | VCC | power_in | Positive supply voltage. Recommended 4.5–5.5V (nom. 5V); absolute max 6V. Typical supply current ICC = 8 mA with all outputs open. Decouple to GND close to the pin. |++## Key specifications++| Parameter | Value |+|---|---|+| Type | Dual RS-232 driver/receiver |+| Supply voltage | 5 V (single) |+| Line levels | Bipolar ± via charge pump |+| Channels | 2 drivers + 2 receivers |+| External caps | 4 (1 µF; 0.1 µF for MAX232A) |+| Standard | TIA/EIA-232-F |+| Package | SOIC-16 |+| Body (L×W×H) | 9.9 × 3.9 × 1.75 mm |++## Ordering variants++- `MAX232D (SOIC-16, tube)`+- `MAX232DR (SOIC-16, tape & reel)`++## CAD (KiCad official)++- Symbol: `Interface_UART:MAX232`+- Footprint: `Package_SO:SOIC-16_3.9x9.9mm_P1.27mm`+- 3D model: SOIC-16 (KiCad packages3D)++## Provenance++Data extracted from the manufacturer datasheet, not a distributor listing:++- **Datasheet:** [Texas Instruments datasheet](https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf) (27 pp, sha256 `47d45fefa0db5981`, retrieved 2026-08-17, tier: manufacturer)+- **Extractor:** `ds2sf` (Claude) — every pin and dimension is cited to a datasheet page; refuses to fabricate.+- **CAD:** KiCad official libraries (CC-BY-SA 4.0).++[Datasheet PDF](docs/max232-datasheet.pdf)
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page.json+27−7@@ -4,8 +4,15 @@ "slug": "max232", "title": "MAX232", "brief": "Dual RS-232 driver/receiver, DIP-16",- "version": "1.0.0",- "tags": [],+ "version": "0.1.0",+ "tags": [+ "component",+ "interface",+ "rs-232",+ "transceiver",+ "soic-16",+ "texas-instruments"+ ], "license": "MIT", "component": { "mpn": "MAX232",@@ -20,18 +27,31 @@ }, "readme": "# MAX232\n\nDual RS-232 driver/receiver, DIP-16\n\nThe MAX232 converts TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS-232 serial voltage levels and vice versa using charge pump capacitors. Essential for interfacing microcontrollers with RS-232 serial ports.", "author": {- "id": "695820315b5f1e4db2fcf602", "name": "Kyle Bergstedt", "email": "[email protected]" },- "visibility": {- "public": true+ "visibility": "public",+ "hero": {+ "type": "image",+ "path": "docs/hero.png" },- "hero": null, "sample_prompts": [], "discovery_triggers": [], "discovery_pitch": null, "metadata": {}, "created_at": "2026-05-28T05:33:46.137Z",- "updated_at": "2026-05-28T05:33:46.137Z"+ "updated_at": "2026-05-28T05:33:46.137Z",+ "description": "TI dual RS-232 driver/receiver, SOIC-16. Charge-pump generates +/- line levels from single 5 V. Datasheet-verified.",+ "dependencies": {},+ "files": [+ "page.json",+ "README.md",+ "max232.kicad_sym",+ "max232.kicad_mod",+ "max232.glb",+ "docs/hero.png",+ "docs/max232-datasheet.pdf",+ "viewers/symbol.html",+ "viewers/footprint.html"+ ] }