# TPS54202 12 V to 5 V / 1 A Synchronous Buck Converter Molecule

**Status: finished and verified.** Complete 28 x 20 mm 2-layer synchronous buck converter molecule (12 V nominal input, 9 V to 16 V range, 5.0 V / 1.0 A output at 500 kHz) built and verified in KiCad with [adom-aiflow](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-aiflow).

## The build, start to finish

Gemini 4 Argon in Google Antigravity, inside Adom Hydrogen, builds this board from a one-sentence prompt, guided by [adom-aiflow](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-aiflow), in KiCad: It used 5.6 % of the weekly Antigravity quota on Google AI Ultra.

::adom-video{video="/john/tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018/render/docs/film/argon-pcb-build-v10.mp4" poster="/john/tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018/render/docs/film/argon-pcb-build-v10-poster.jpg" captions="/john/tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018/render/docs/film/argon-pcb-build-v10.vtt" chapters="/john/tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018/render/docs/film/argon-pcb-build-v10.chapters.json" title="Gemini 4 Argon builds a 12 V to 5 V buck converter in KiCad"}

## Components

Every part on the board, each linked to its own wiki page (symbol, footprint and 3D model).

| Part | Qty | Refs | Value | Role | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/tps54202ddcr"><img src="docs/parts/tps54202ddcr.png?v=2b3c0d41" width="64" alt="TPS54202DDCR"></a><br>**[TPS54202DDCR](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/tps54202ddcr)**<br>Texas Instruments | 1 | U1 | TPS54202DDCR | sync buck, 4.5 to 28 V in, 2 A, 500 kHz | [Mouser 595-TPS54202DDCR](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/595-TPS54202DDCR) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/john/amplh5030s-150mt"><img src="docs/parts/amplh5030s-150mt.png?v=f4c7c453" width="64" alt="AMPLH5030S-150MT"></a><br>**[AMPLH5030S-150MT](https://wiki.adom.inc/john/amplh5030s-150mt)**<br>Abracon | 1 | L1 | 15 µH | output inductor | [Mouser 815-AMPLH5030S-150T](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/815-AMPLH5030S-150T) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/john/eee-fk1v470p"><img src="docs/parts/eee-fk1v470p.png?v=6cde5401" width="64" alt="EEE-FK1V470P"></a><br>**[EEE-FK1V470P](https://wiki.adom.inc/john/eee-fk1v470p)**<br>Panasonic | 1 | C1 | 47 µF 35 V | input bulk, damps the input cable | [Mouser 667-EEE-FK1V470P](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/667-EEE-FK1V470P) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/john/cc1206kkx7r8bb106"><img src="docs/parts/cc1206kkx7r8bb106.png?v=c571316b" width="64" alt="CC1206KKX7R8BB106"></a><br>**[CC1206KKX7R8BB106](https://wiki.adom.inc/john/cc1206kkx7r8bb106)**<br>Yageo | 2 | C2, C3 | 10 µF 25 V X7R | input ceramic, the hot loop | [Mouser 603-CC126KKX7R8BB106](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/603-CC126KKX7R8BB106) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/0603b104j500ct"><img src="docs/parts/0603b104j500ct.png?v=c656446f" width="64" alt="0603B104J500CT"></a><br>**[0603B104J500CT](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/0603b104j500ct)**<br>Walsin | 3 | C4, C5, C10 | 100 nF 50 V | VIN bypass, bootstrap, bypass | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cl21a226mpqnnne"><img src="docs/parts/cl21a226mpqnnne.png?v=957820fa" width="64" alt="CL21A226MPQNNNE"></a><br>**[CL21A226MPQNNNE](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cl21a226mpqnnne)**<br>Samsung Electro-Mechanics | 3 | C6, C7, C8 | 22 µF 10 V | output capacitors | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/0402n680j500ct"><img src="docs/parts/0402n680j500ct.png?v=769d2b76" width="64" alt="0402N680J500CT"></a><br>**[0402N680J500CT](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/0402n680j500ct)**<br>Walsin | 1 | C9 | 68 pF 50 V | feedback feed-forward | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-3303glf"><img src="docs/parts/cr0402-fx-3303glf.png?v=aa5b8c6d" width="64" alt="CR0402-FX-3303GLF"></a><br>**[CR0402-FX-3303GLF](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-3303glf)**<br>Bourns | 1 | R1 | 330 kΩ | enable divider, top | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-6802glf"><img src="docs/parts/cr0402-fx-6802glf.png?v=12d948e6" width="64" alt="CR0402-FX-6802GLF"></a><br>**[CR0402-FX-6802GLF](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-6802glf)**<br>Bourns | 2 | R2, R3 | 68 kΩ | enable divider, feedback top | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-5601glf"><img src="docs/parts/cr0402-fx-5601glf.png?v=dc98156a" width="64" alt="CR0402-FX-5601GLF"></a><br>**[CR0402-FX-5601GLF](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-5601glf)**<br>Bourns | 1 | R4 | 5.6 kΩ | feedback trim | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-1002glf"><img src="docs/parts/cr0402-fx-1002glf.png?v=eddbc7ff" width="64" alt="CR0402-FX-1002GLF"></a><br>**[CR0402-FX-1002GLF](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-1002glf)**<br>Bourns | 3 | R5, R6, R7 | 10 kΩ | feedback bottom, divider | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-1001glf"><img src="docs/parts/cr0402-fx-1001glf.png?v=5fb42fcf" width="64" alt="CR0402-FX-1001GLF"></a><br>**[CR0402-FX-1001GLF](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/cr0402-fx-1001glf)**<br>Bourns | 1 | R8 | 1 kΩ | LED current | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/in-s63btg"><img src="docs/parts/in-s63btg.png?v=3ec71d82" width="64" alt="IN-S63BTG"></a><br>**[IN-S63BTG](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/in-s63btg)**<br>Inolux | 1 | D1 | green LED | power indicator | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/machinecontactmedium"><img src="docs/parts/machinecontactmedium.png?v=1638affd" width="64" alt="MachineContactMedium"></a><br>**[MachineContactMedium](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/machinecontactmedium)**<br>Adom | 6 | J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6 | machine contact | edge contacts: VIN, GND, EN, VOUT, VMON | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |
| <a href="https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/machinepinmediumshort"><img src="docs/parts/machinepinmediumshort.png?v=27e5c469" width="64" alt="MachinePinMediumShort"></a><br>**[MachinePinMediumShort](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/machinepinmediumshort)**<br>Adom | 4 | MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4 | machine pin | corner pins (mechanical) | [Adom stock](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-basic-parts) |

## Install every part in KiCad

This page is a KiCad Plugin and Content Manager repository. In KiCad, open **Plugin and Content Manager**, **Manage...**, add this URL, then install **adom-aiflow** from the Libraries tab:

```
https://wiki.adom.inc/api/pages/john/tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018/files/pcm/repository.json
```

The library appears as `PCM_tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018` (package `inc.adom.wiki.john.tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018`): every symbol, footprint and 3D model of this board, from the parts' wiki pages.

## Assembled Board, Layout, and Electro-Thermal Verification Gallery

![Assembled 3D Board Walkthrough](docs/screenshots/01-3d-assembled-board.png)
*Figure 1: Assembled 3D TPS54202 buck converter molecule in KiCad 3D Viewer showing laser-etched components, top and bottom silkscreen tags, and corner MachinePinMediumShort anchors.*

![KiCad Schematic Capture](docs/screenshots/02-schematic-editor.png)
*Figure 2: Complete schematic drawn live in KiCad Schematic Editor using symbols from the board PCM library (`PCM_tps54202-12v-5v-buck-20261018`).*

![Two-Sided Silkscreen and PCB Layout](docs/screenshots/03-pcb-layout-silkscreen.png)
*Figure 3: Routed and poured 2-layer PCB layout in KiCad PCB Editor with staged two-sided silkscreen labels and zero DRC violations.*

![Whole-Net Copper Pour Walkthrough](docs/screenshots/04-nets-walkthrough.png)
*Figure 4: Whole-net copper verification highlighting GND (92 items), VIN (41 items), VOUT (33 items), and SW (10 items) across F.Cu (82.14% coverage) and B.Cu (91.51% coverage).*

![Laplace DC Current Density Map](docs/screenshots/05-current-density.png)
*Figure 5: 3D electro-thermal DC current-density distribution across F.Cu and B.Cu (SW peak 45.61 A/mm2, GND 16.17 A/mm2, VIN 15.73 A/mm2, VOUT 10.26 A/mm2 vs. 50 A/mm2 budget).*

![Full-Board FR4 and Copper Thermal Rise](docs/screenshots/06-thermal-board-rise.png)
*Figure 6: Still-air (+41.6 C peak on U1, +40.5 C on L1) and moving-air (+21.5 C on U1, +20.3 C on L1) temperature rise maps vs. 55.0 C maximum rise budget.*

![Adom Fields 3D Interactive Solve](docs/screenshots/07-fields-3d-solve.png)
*Figure 7: Interactive 3D electro-thermal walkthrough in Adom Fields verifying current necks and thermal spreading across the assembled molecule.*

## Engineering Datasheet and 3D Assets

- **Assembled Board 3D Model (ENIG Copper GLB)**: [`build/board.glb`](build/board.glb)
- **Assembled Board STEP Twin**: [`build/board.step`](build/board.step)
- **Project Engineering Datasheet (PDF)**: [`docs/datasheet.pdf`](docs/datasheet.pdf)

<!-- aiflow:steps -->
## How this board was built

Every step of the build, in order, each with its own page of evidence (checks, screenshots, the AI's drawings and usage), written by [adom-aiflow](https://wiki.adom.inc/adom/adom-aiflow) as the run went.

**1. Intake**: read the prompt and the requirements. [The evidence](steps/01-intake/README.md)

**2. Design rules**: choose the fab, load its design rules. [The evidence](steps/02-rules/README.md)

**3. Circuit design**: datasheet math and part values. [The evidence](steps/03-design/README.md)

**4. Test plan**: what to measure on the workcell, a probe spot for each. [The evidence](steps/04-test-plan/README.md)

**5. Sourcing**: every part in stock, with an MPN. [The evidence](steps/05-sourcing/README.md)

**6. Parts on the wiki**: every part's wiki page, shown as it is picked. [The evidence](steps/06-parts/README.md)

**7. Project page**: README rev 1, component table, KiCad PCM repo. [The evidence](steps/07-project-page/README.md)

**8. Library**: symbols, footprints and 3D from the wiki. [The evidence](steps/08-library/README.md)

**9. Schematic**: drawn live, checked against the netlist. [The evidence](steps/09-schematic/README.md)

**10. SPICE simulation**: the drawn schematic in SPICE: start-up, ripple, load step. [The evidence](steps/10-simulation/README.md)

**11. Components**: wiki component identity and CAD audit. [The evidence](steps/11-components/README.md)

**12. 3D models**: every 3D model bound and upright. [The evidence](steps/12-models/README.md)

**13. Placement**: parts placed for current and heat. [The evidence](steps/13-placement/README.md)

**14. Routing**: every trace routed, DRC clean. [The evidence](steps/14-routing/README.md)

**15. Heatsink vias**: via arrays under the hot parts. [The evidence](steps/15-thermal-vias/README.md)

**16. Copper pours**: copper pours and stitching. [The evidence](steps/16-pours/README.md)

**17. Rounded corners**: sharp board corners rounded. [The evidence](steps/17-outline/README.md)

**18. Current**: current density on every loaded net. [The evidence](steps/18-current/README.md)

**19. Thermal**: temperature rise against the budget. [The evidence](steps/19-thermal/README.md)

**20. Fields**: current and heat solved in 3D. [The evidence](steps/20-fields/README.md)

**21. Pour walkthrough**: each pour net lit in turn. [The evidence](steps/21-nets/README.md)

**22. Silkscreen**: labels, polarity, pinouts, both faces. [The evidence](steps/22-silkscreen/README.md)

**23. 3D board**: the finished board in 3D. [The evidence](steps/23-3d/README.md)

**24. Finish line**: 0 unconnected, 0 errors, every check passed. [The evidence](steps/24-finish/README.md)

**25. Gerbers, BOM, CPL**: manufacturing files written and checked. [The evidence](steps/25-export/README.md)

<!-- /aiflow:steps -->